home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Network Working Group T. Bradley
- Request for Comments: 1293 C. Brown
- Wellfleet Communications, Inc.
- January 1992
-
- Inverse Address Resolution Protocol
-
- 1. Status of this Memo
-
- This RFC specifies an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet
- community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
- Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol
- Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol.
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- 2. Abstract
-
- This memo describes additions to ARP that will allow a station to
- request a protocol address corresponding to a given hardware address.
- Specifically, this applies to Frame Relay stations that may have a
- Data Link Connection Identifier (DLCI), the Frame Relay equivalent of
- a hardware address, associated with an established Permanent Virtual
- Circuit (PVC), but do not know the protocol address of the station on
- the other side of this connection. It will also apply to other
- networks with similar circumstances.
-
- 3. Conventions
-
- The following language conventions are used in the items of
- specification in this document:
-
- o Must, Will, Shall or Mandatory -- the item is an absolute
- requirement of the specification.
-
- o Should or Recommended -- the item should generally be
- followed for all but exceptional circumstances.
-
- o May or Optional -- the item is truly optional and may be
- followed or ignored according to the needs of the
- implementor.
-
- 4. Introduction
-
- This document will rely heavily on Frame Relay as an example of how
- the Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP) can be useful. It is
- not, however, intended that InARP be used exclusively with Frame
- Relay. InARP may be used in any network that provides destination
- hardware addresses without indicating corresponding protocol
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 1]
-
- RFC 1293 Inverse ARP January 1992
-
-
- addresses.
-
- 5. Motivation
-
- The motivation for the development of Inverse ARP is a result of the
- desire to make dynamic address resolution within Frame Relay both
- possible and efficient. Permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) and
- eventually switched virtual circuits (SVCs) are identified by a Data
- Link Connection Identifier (DLCI). These DLCIs define a single
- virtual connection through the wide area network (WAN) and are the
- Frame Relay equivalent to a hardware address. Periodically, through
- the exchange of signalling messages, a network may announce a new
- virtual circuit with its corresponding DLCI. Unfortunately, protocol
- addressing is not included in the announcement. The station
- receiving such an indication will learn of the new connection, but
- will not be able to address the other side. Without a new
- configuration or mechanism for discovering the protocol address of
- the other side, this new virtual circuit is unusable.
-
- Other resolution methods were considered to solve the problems, but
- were rejected. Reverse ARP [4], for example, seemed like a good
- candidate, but the response to a request is the protocol address of
- the requesting station not the station receiving the request as we
- wanted. IP specific mechanisms were limiting since we wished to
- allow protocol address resolution of many protocols. For this
- reason, we expanded the ARP protocol.
-
- Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (InARP) will allow a Frame Relay
- station to discover the protocol address of a station associated with
- the virtual circuit. It is more efficiently than simulating a
- broadcast with multiple copies of the same message and it is more
- flexible than relying on static configuration.
-
- 6. Packet Format
-
- Inverse ARP is an extension of the existing ARP. Therefore, it has
- the same format as standard ARP.
-
- ar$hrd 16 bits Hardware type
- ar$pro 16 bits Protocol type
- ar$hln 8 bits Byte length of each hardware address (n)
- ar$pln 8 bits Byte length of each protocol address (m)
- ar$op 16 bits Operation code
- ar$sha nbytes source hardware address
- ar$spa mbytes source protocol address
- ar$tha nbytes target hardware address
- ar$tpa mbytes target protocol address
-
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 2]
-
- RFC 1293 Inverse ARP January 1992
-
-
- Possible values for hardware and protocol types are the same as those
- for ARP and may be found in the current Assigned Numbers RFC [2].
-
- Length of the hardware and protocol address are dependent on the
- environment in which InARP is running. For example, if IP is running
- over Frame Relay, the hardware address length is between 2 and 4, and
- the protocol address length is 4.
-
- The operation code indicates the type of message, request or reply.
-
- InARP request = 8
- InARP reply = 9
-
- These values were chosen so as not to conflict with other ARP
- extensions.
-
- 7. Protocol Operation
-
- Basic InARP operates essentially the same as ARP with the exception
- that InARP does not broadcast requests. This is because the hardware
- address of the destination station is already known. A requesting
- station simply formats a request by inserting its source hardware and
- protocol addresses and the known target hardware address. It then
- zero fills the target protocol address field. Finally, it will
- encapsulate the packet for the specific network and send it directly
- to the target station.
-
- Upon receiving an InARP request, a station may put the requester's
- protocol address/hardware address mapping into its ARP cache as it
- would any ARP request. Unlike other ARP requests, however, the
- receiving station may assume that any InARP request it receives is
- destined for it. For every InARP request, the receiving station may
- format a proper reply using the source addresses from the request as
- the target addresses of the reply. If the station is unable or
- unwilling to reply, it ignores the request.
-
- When the requesting station receives the InARP reply, it may complete
- the ARP table entry and use the provided address information. Note:
- as with ARP, information learned via InARP may be aged or invalidated
- under certain circumstances.
-
- 7.1. Operation with Multi-Addressed Hosts
-
- In the context of this discussion, a Multi-Addressed host will refer
- to a host that has multiple protocol addresses assigned to a single
- interface. If such a station receives an InARP request, it must
- choose one address with which to respond. To make such a selection,
- the receiving station must first look at the protocol address of the
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 3]
-
- RFC 1293 Inverse ARP January 1992
-
-
- requesting station, and then respond with the protocol address
- corresponding to the network of the requester. For example, if the
- requesting station is probing for an IP address, the responding
- multi-addressed station should respond with an IP address which
- corresponds to the same subnet as the requesting station. If the
- station does not have an address that is appropriate for the request
- it should not respond. In the IP example, if the receiving station
- does not have an IP address assigned to the interface that is a part
- of the requested subnet, the receiving station would not respond.
-
- A multi-addressed host may choose to send an InARP request for each
- of the addresses defined for the given interface. It should be
- noted, however, that the receiving side may answer some or none of
- the requests depending on its configuration.
-
- 7.2. Protocol Operation Within Frame Relay
-
- One case where Inverse ARP can be used is when a new virtual circuit
- is signalled. The Frame Relay station may format an InARP request
- addressed to the new virtual circuit. If the other side supports
- InARP, it may return a reply indicating the protocol address
- requested.
-
- The format for an InARP request is a follows:
-
- ar$hrd - 0x000F the value assigned to Frame Relay
- ar$pro - protocol type for which you are searching
- (i.e. IP = 0x0800)
- ar$hln - 2,3, or 4 byte addressing length
- ar$pln - byte length of protocol address for which you
- are searching (for IP = 4)
- ar$op - 8; InARP request
- ar$sha - Q.922 address of requesting station
- ar$spa - protocol address of requesting station
- ar$tha - Q.922 addressed of newly announced virtual circuit
- ar$tpa - 0; This is what we're looking for
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 4]
-
- RFC 1293 Inverse ARP January 1992
-
-
- The InARP response will be completed similarly.
-
- ar$hrd - 0x000F the value assigned to Frame Relay
- ar$pro - protocol type for which you are searching
- (i.e. IP = 0x0800)
- ar$hln - 2,3, or 4 byte addressing length
- ar$pln - byte length of protocol address for which you
- are searching (for IP = 4)
- ar$op - 9; InARP response
- ar$sha - Q.922 address of responding station
- ar$spa - protocol address requested
- ar$tha - Q.922 address of requesting station
- ar$tpa - protocol address of requesting station
-
- Note that the Q.922 addresses specified have the C/R, FECN, BECN, and
- DE bits set to zero.
-
- Procedures for using InARP over a Frame Relay network are identical
- to those for using ARP and RARP discussed in section 10 of the
- Multiprotocol Interconnect over Frame Relay Networks document [3].
-
- 8. References
-
- [1] Plummer, David C., "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol",
- RFC-826, November 1982.
-
- [2] Reynolds, J. and Postel, J., "Assigned Numbers", RFC-1060, ISI,
- March 1990.
-
- [3] Bradley, T., Brown, C., Malis, A., "Multiprotocol Interconnect
- over Frame Relay Networks", RFC-1294, January 1992.
-
- [4] Finlayson, Mann, Mogul, Theimer, "A Reverse Address Resolution
- Protocol", RFC-903, Stanford University, June 1984.
-
-
- 9. Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not addressed in this memo.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 5]
-
- RFC 1293 Inverse ARP January 1992
-
-
- 10. Authors' Addresses
-
- Terry Bradley
- Wellfleet Communications, Inc.
- 15 Crosby Drive
- Bedford, MA 01730
-
- Phone: (617) 275-2400
-
- Email: tbradley@wellfleet.com
-
-
- Caralyn Brown
- Wellfleet Communications, Inc.
- 15 Crosby Drive
- Bedford, MA 01730
-
- Phone: (617) 275-2400
-
- Email: cbrown@wellfleet.com
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Bradley, Brown [Page 6]
-